Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of a malocclusion. Injuries that cause a misalignment of the jaws and diseases such as oral tumors can also play a role in changing the occlusion.
In children, most problems involving the alignment of the teeth and the growth of the jaws can be detected by the time they are in the first or second grade. That is why the American Association of Orthodontists recommends that all children have a check up with an orthodontic specialist no later than age 7. For children, most orthodontic treatment begins between the ages of 9 and 14. However, earlier and interceptive care is sometimes required at a younger age. Likewise, in cases of significant problems involving jaw relationships, orthodontic care may involve treatment throughout growth and development.
It is important to note that a malocclusion can be treated at any age. Today greater numbers of adults are actively seeking treatment for either crooked teeth or jaw problems that have bothered them since childhood, as well as to address teeth that have shifted over time due to extractions, habits, or abnormal bite patterns.
While malocclusions can be observed with a clinical exam, a more comprehensive assessment is required to make a complete diagnosis and to develop the most appropriate plan of care.